Hydrogen Power Plants

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In general, an aqueous solution of caustic potash or soda is used as the electrolyte for water electrolysis. At equal concentrations, the conductiyity of caustic potash solutionis higher than that of caustic soda solution. The solubility of carbon dioxide, which contaminates the electrolyte and decreases its conductivity, is lower in caustic potash solution than in caustic soda solution and the conductivity lowering by absorbing the same amount of carbon dioxide is also smaller in the former. When a large amount of carbon dioxide is absorbed in the electrolytes, however, the carbonates precipitate so that the electrolyte of open type cell is needed to exchange occasionally which forces the cheaper caustic soda solution to use as the electrolyte, while in sealed cells, the original electrolyte charge can normally be used for more than ten years. But, the electrolyte solution gets gradually depleted due to entrainment in the evolved gases and the addition of 3 − 5% caustic alkali becomes necessary annually.

The highest conductivities are observed at the strengths of about 28% of caustic potash and about 20% of caustic soda at operating temperature, respectively. Therefore, a concentration of 25 − 28% of caustic potash or 15 − 20% of caustic soda is used usually as the electrolyte.

These electrolyte are desired to have high purity. Chlorides and sulfates must be excluded completely because of their corrosive action on the electrodes, especially anodes.

Though the conductivity of the electrolyte and the energy efficiency of water electrolysis increase as the temperature increases, the present day water electrolysis cells are usually operated at 60 − 80 °C for the caustic potash cell and at 50 − 70 °C for the caustic soda cell, respectively, in order to reduce the consumption of electrolyzer materials.

As the water is electrolyzed, make-up water must be supplied. Any nonvolatile impurities present in the added water remain as contaminants in the alkaline solution and in order to preserve the electrolysis cell operating characteristics, water of high purity is required to be added. Therefore, high quality water purification plants are necessary.

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An Ammonia Cracking Unit (ACU) is a facility designed to convert ammonia (NH₃) into hydrogen (H₂) and nitrogen (N₂) through a process called cracking. This process typically involves heating ammonia to high temperatures, usually around 600 to 1,000 degrees Celsius, often in the presence of a catalyst.

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